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* Donna Brandes and Howard Phillips. Gamesters Handbook: 140 Games for Teachers and Group Leaders(Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Ltd, 1990), p. 21. 21.

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Set of Introductory Exercises for the Theatre of the Oppressed

Duration: 20 minutes. Descriptions of the exercises are given here.

Perpetrator, Victim, Observer

Type of exercise: Work in small groups Duration: 25 minutes Materials: Flipchart paper, markers Split into three groups. (You can use one of the creative division methods: see the section on Creative Division into Small Groups or Pairs on p. 259.) Each group is given one of the topics: perpetrator, victim, or observer. The groups are tasked with analysing these roles and preparing wall newspapers around the following questions: ͳ What does the perpetrator/victim/observer look like? (each group deals only with the role they were assigned) ͳ What are their characteristics? ͳ How do they make me feel? ͳ What are the strengths of this role?

• What does the perpetrator/victim/observer look like? (each group deals only with the role they were assigned)
• What are their characteristics?
• How do they make me feel?
• What are the strengths of this role?

Setting the Statues

Duration: 30–45 minutes

The participants remain in the same groups as for the wall newspaper. Each group is tasked with setting up a statue of the victim, perpetrator or observer (the same role they analysed previously).

Display, Analysis and Changes to the Statues

Duration: 225 minutes

Step 1. Display the statue of the perpetrator. The rest of the participants are the audience.

Step 2. The participants from the audience are asked: “What did you see?”

Step 3. The performers clarify what they wanted to show and answer the question: “What was it like playing that role?”

Step4. The performers present the wall newspaper they prepared in the first part of the workshop. (You will need about 40 minutes for steps 1 to 4)

Step 5. Then the next statue is presented, first the one of the victim, and then of the observer, and steps 2 to 4 are repeated.

Step 6. When all the statues have been presented and analysed, possible changes are considered. Theperpetrator statue is displayed again..

Step 7. The audience is asked to think about possible changes that could contribute to reducing violence and to try to replace one of the roles. (Do not replace the roles that are the source of the violence.) The other performers respond to the change and form a statue to accommodate the change and show their response.

Step8. All those on stage are asked: “How did you feel? What happened?” (start from the person whose role was most affected by the change)

Step9. Question for the audience: “What did you notice?”

Step 10. If there are more ideas, do a few more changes. For each change, repeat steps 8 and 9. Step 11. A round of applause for all who participated in the original statue and its changes. Make sure to have a break before

you move on to the next statue.

Step12. Move on to making changes to the other statues – first that of the victim and then the observer. For each statue, go through steps 7 to 11.

Evaluation

Suggested questions for the evaluation:

What was it like? What new questions opened up for you? What did you get out of this exercise?

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The participants split into two female and two male groups. Each group should prepare a statue, but the topic for one female and one male group is Women, while the topic for the other female and male group is Type of exercise: Theatre of the Oppressed Duration: 120 minutes Men. The groups should be separated spatially so that they can work independently (for about 30 minutes).

Displaying the Women statue (45 minutes): First the male group sets up the statue they prepared, and then the female group, so that the rest can see both statues at the same time. Then the “male” statue is removed so that its participants can see the “female” statue.

Ask the audience: “What did you see? What did the actors of the statues want to show? What are the differences/similarities between the statue set up by men and the one set up by women?”

Then ask the actors of the statues: “What did you want to show? What was it like playing the roles?” Short discussion in the plenary: insights, comments.

Displaying the Men statue (45 minutes): First the female group sets up the statue they prepared, and then the male group, so that the rest can see both statues at the same time. Then the “female” statue is removed so that its participants can see the “male” statue.

Just as before, the audience is asked questions, and then the actors of the statue.

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Participants are divided into four groups (of four or five participants). They have 10 minutes to come up with a short conflict role play. It would be best to do something from personal experience – a situation

where they were bothered by the manner of communication.

Step 1 – Everyone goes back to the plenary and the first group does their role play.

Step 2 – Brief discussion in the plenary: What did you not like in the role play?

Step 3– Switch-around. Invite the people who watched the role play to think about whose role they could take on and try to use a new way of communicating to change the role play. If only one or two roles communicate in an unpleasant or conflictual way, do not change those roles in the beginning.

Step 4 – Evaluation of switch-around: What changed in the attitude of the persons involved? What did the observers notice? How did a change in behaviour affect the person whose communication was unpleasant? What was it like for the others in the role play?

Then the next group does their role play and steps 1 through 4 are repeated until all groups have had their turn.

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